Juncus acutus, the spiny rush, sharp rush or sharp-pointed rush, is a flowering plant in the Monocotyledon family Juncaceae. It is native to the Americas, North Africa and Southern Africa, Western Europe and Southern Europe and Western Asia, and is found in a variety of wet habitats, such as , , , and salt marshes,
The sharp-pointed rush is a perennial plant that grows to a height of about 60 to 100 centimeters (24 to 39 inches). It has slender, cylindrical stems with narrow, pointed leaves and clusters of small, light brown flowers that bloom in the summer.
This species is important for a variety of reasons. It provides habitat and food for a range of wetland animals, including insects, birds, and mammals. It is also an important component of wetland ecosystems, helping to prevent soil erosion and maintain water quality. In some countries like Australia it is considered to be an Invasive species
In addition, sharp-pointed rush has been used for a variety of purposes, including as a source of fiber for making paper, baskets, and other woven products, and for medicinal purposes. The plant has also been used for landscaping and erosion control,
Despite its ecological and cultural significance, Juncus acutus is considered to be of least concern in terms of conservation, as it is widely distributed and not currently threatened by habitat loss or other factors. However, continued conservation efforts are necessary to protect this species and its habitat and ensure its long-term survival.
Synonyms
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Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii (Parl.) Snog. -- Leopold's rush
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Juncus acutus L. var. sphaerocarpus Engelm
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Juncus acutus L. subsp. acutus
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Juncus spinosus Forssk
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Juncus acutus ssp. leopoldii also known as Leopold's rush is a native of Arizona, California, Georgia and Nevada.
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Juncus acutus L. var. conglobatus Trautv
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Juncus acutus L. var. decompositus Guss
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Juncus acutus L. var. longibracteatus Buchenau
Description
Juncus acutus is a brown and green
-forming
that can grow to
tall in all kinds of soils,
in areas which go from extremes in flood and dry like dunes
or that just stay wet like lowland
grassland and grassy woodland, riparian vegetation, freshwater wetland, and saline and subsaline wetlands.
- Stems and leaves
- Pith filled stems and leaves arise from the base at different angles giving the plant a globe shape. The leaves form a basal sheath around the flower stem leaves and end with a stiff sharp point.
- Flowers
- The flower stems are to in diameter and to long and are similar to the leaves. They emerge from the base at all angles and each have 1 - 6 flowers. Each flower has 6 stamens and to long bracts that terminate in a stiff and sharp point.
- Fruits and reproduction
- Fruits are oval 3-celled brown capsules to . The to long brown seeds have a tail at each end.
- Roots
- Short
Gallery
Image:Juncus acutus3.jpg |Habit
Image:Juncus acutus seeds at Lake Walyungup, Rockingham Lakes Regional Park, June 2022 01.jpg|Inflorescence
Image:Juncus acutus leaf tip NC2.jpg| Sharp leaf tip of Juncus acutus
Distribution
Found principally in low-lying damp, low fertility areas
like sandy sea shores and dune slacks and coastal flats,
occasionally in salt marshes
and disturbed saline areas, mine dumps, lowland grassland and grassy woodland, riparian vegetation, freshwater wetland, and saline and subsaline wetlands
- Palearctic:
- : Northern Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Morocco
- : Western Asia: Iran, Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Turkey
- : Caucasus: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia
- : Northern Europe: British Isles
- : Southeastern Europe: Albania, Crete, Greece, Italy, Kosovo, Montenegro, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Malta
- : Southwestern Europe: Azores, Balearic Islands, Corsica, France, Portugal, Spain
- Nearctic:
- : Northern America: Baja California
Community species
- In Brazil, J. acutus has been observed on the Santa Catarina coast living in communities with:
- * Ipomoea pes-caprae
- * Hydrocotyle bonariensis
- * Senecio crassiflorus
- In a natural shallow depression in the Murray River floodplain in South Australia:
- * Muehlenbeckia florulenta
- * Atriplex semibaccata
- * Halosarcia pergranulata ssp. pergranulata
- * Mimulus repens
- * Ludwigia peploides ssp. montevidensis
- * Phragmites australis
- * Paspalum vaginatum
Chemistry
The dimeric
phenanthrenoid 8,8'-bidehydrojuncusol and the monomeric
juncusol and
dehydrojuncusol can be isolated from
J. acutus.
External links
